Wide Sargasso Sea 1: tropical gothic in the West Indies and Jane Eyre disrupted

Secret Life of Books

Jean Rhys’ Wide Sargasso Sea, published in 1966, is a bold riposte to Charlotte Bronte’s Jane Eyre, humanising the mad woman in Mr Rochester’s attic. It is less than 150 pages, but took Rhys 30 years to write - one of the most agonising literary births in history.

Jean Rhys was born on the Caribbean island of Dominica in 1890 and identified as ‘white Creole’. As a young woman, she moved to England and travelled around Europe, leading a bohemian life of love affairs, alcoholism and occasional destitution. Through the 1920s and 30s, she published a string of semi-autobiographical stories and novels that were critically revered, but failed to sell. After a return visit to Dominica in 1936, she conceived the idea of Wide Sargasso Sea as a novel that would right the great wrong Bronte had done to the Creole people.

Join Sophie and Jonty as they look at how Charlotte Bronte got the Caribbean - and its people - wrong, the role of race and colonialism in the English novel, and why Rhys was the right person at the right time to take Bronte to task.

Further reading: Jean Rhys, Wide Sargasso Sea, with introduction by Edwidge Denticat, (Norton, 2016); Miranda Seymour’s I Used to Live Here Once: The Haunted Life of Jean Rhys (Norton, 2022) is a superb piece of detective work, excavating the forgotten years of Rhys’ life as well as those which are recorded. For landmark writing about race, empire and the novel see Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak, “Three Women’s Texts and a Critique of Imperialism,” (Critical Inquiry, vol. 12, no. 1, 1985, pp. 243–61) and Edward Said Orientalism (Vintage, first pub. 1979).