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A tartalmat a The Chiropractic Forward Podcast: Evidence-based Chiropractic Advocacy biztosítja. Az összes podcast-tartalmat, beleértve az epizódokat, grafikákat és podcast-leírásokat, közvetlenül a The Chiropractic Forward Podcast: Evidence-based Chiropractic Advocacy vagy a podcast platform partnere tölti fel és biztosítja. Ha úgy gondolja, hogy valaki az Ön engedélye nélkül használja fel a szerzői joggal védett művét, kövesse az itt leírt folyamatot https://hu.player.fm/legal.
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Upregulated Central Nervous System & Shared Decision Making With The Patient

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Manage episode 340576418 series 2291021
A tartalmat a The Chiropractic Forward Podcast: Evidence-based Chiropractic Advocacy biztosítja. Az összes podcast-tartalmat, beleértve az epizódokat, grafikákat és podcast-leírásokat, közvetlenül a The Chiropractic Forward Podcast: Evidence-based Chiropractic Advocacy vagy a podcast platform partnere tölti fel és biztosítja. Ha úgy gondolja, hogy valaki az Ön engedélye nélkül használja fel a szerzői joggal védett művét, kövesse az itt leírt folyamatot https://hu.player.fm/legal.

CF 245: Upregulated Central Nervous System & Shared Decision Making With The Patient Today we’re going to talk about Upregulated Central Nervous System & Shared Decision Making With The Patient. But first, here’s that sweet sweet bumper music

Purchase Dr. Williams’s book, a perfect educational tool and chiropractic research reference for the daily practitioner, from the Amazon store TODAY!

Chiropractic evidence-based products

Integrating Chiropractors

This image has an empty alt attribute; its file name is Screen-Shot-2018-07-12-at-10.23.22-AM-150x55.jpg

This image has an empty alt attribute; its file name is Screen-Shot-2018-07-12-at-10.23.33-AM-150x55.jpg

This image has an empty alt attribute; its file name is Screen-Shot-2018-07-12-at-10.23.09-AM-150x55.jpg

OK, we are back and you have found the Chiropractic Forward Podcast where we are making evidence-based chiropractic fun, profitable, and accessible while we make you and your patients better all the way around. We’re the fun kind of research. Not the stuffy, high-brow, look down your nose at people kind of research. We’re research talk over a couple of beers. I’m Dr. Jeff Williams and I’m your host for the Chiropractic Forward podcast. If you haven’t yet I have a few things you should do.

  • Go to Amazon and check our my book called The Remarkable Truth About Chiropractic: A Unique Journey Into The Research. It’s an excellent educational resource for you AND your patients. It saves you time putting talks together or just staying current on research. It’s categorized into sections so the information is easy to find and written in a way that is easy to understand for everyone. It’s on Amazon. That’s the Remarkable Truth About Chiropractic by Jeff Williams.
  • Then go Like our Chiropractic Forward Facebook page,
  • Join our private Chiropractic Forward Facebook group, and then
  • Review our podcast on whatever platform you’re listening to
  • Last thing real quick, we also have an evidence-based brochure and poster store at chiropracticforward.com

You have found yourself smack dab in the middle of Episode #245 Now if you missed last week’s episode , we talked about Recognizing Cervical Artery Dissection. Make sure you don’t miss that info. Keep up with the class.

On the personal end of things…..

Things are clicking along pretty normally for a chaotic clinic. Today, let’s talk a little about your relationships with your employees before we get to the research. Everyone has different styles of owning or managing their clinics and staff. Mine has always been to treat them like family. Honestly, we spend more time with our staff than we do with our own families. So why not have friendly and almost family-like relationships with them? Why the hell not? I don’t want awkward forced relationships with the people I’m with every day all day. I want fun, happy, and friendly relationships. With people I look forward to seeing every day.

My staff is hilarious and we have a lot of fun together.

I’ll give you a little story as an example. My office manager is getting married in September. Probably about the time this episode goes live. She had her wedding shower on August 13th at her mother’s house. It wasn’t the regular boring old wedding shower. They had drinks, men and women, cornhole, and beer pong in the back yard…..you get the picture. Pretty much my entire staff of 12 or 13 was there. Which is nice. They feel like family to an extent. That’ll warm your heart, right? Well, I’m of the age that beer pong wasn’t ‘a thing’ in my college years. We played simple games like quarters or something like that. Anyway, I went to the wedding shower. My wife actually helped host it and run it all. She made a huge table full of charcuterie items and it was just all very well done.

So that’s point #1; she felt close enough to us to not only want us at her wedding shower but to have my wife help host it. Then, after gifts were opened and a few filtered out, everyone moved to the backyard and played cornhole and beer pong. My office manager made me be her teammate for a game of beer pong. Now, I told her I can’t play with drinks because I was driving so I just sipped on one beer while we played. Turns out, I actually have a little talent for beer pong. We won the first game against her fiancee and Boom! Instant respectability amongst the kiddos.

So, point #2; when your staff likes you and wants you to participate in aspects of their personal life, I say you just do it. You build friendship, loyalty, camaraderie, and trust the more you just say, “Yes.” Play beer pong. Even when you don’t want to or don’t know how to play it. It’ll pay off in the long run. If you feel differently, let me know. Send me an email at dr.williams@chiropracticforward.com I want your opinion so I can share with the collective.

OK, on to the research.

Item #1

Our first one is called “Does shared decision making results in better health related outcomes for individuals with painful musculoskeletal disorders? A systematic review” by Christopher et. al. (Yannick Tousignant-Laflamme 2017) published in the Journal of Manual and Manipulative Therapy in 2017.

Why They Did It

Shared Decision-Making (SDM) is a dynamic process by which the health care professional and the patient influence each other in making health-related choices or decisions. SDM is strongly embedded in today’s health care approaches and is advocated as an ideal model since it renders individuals more control over the health care they choose to receive, and has been shown to improve patient outcomes. The goal of this systematic review was to investigate the added value of SDM on clinical health-related outcomes in patients with a variety of musculoskeletal conditions.

How They Did It

PubMed and CINAHL. To be considered for review, the study had to meet all the following criteria: (1) prospective studies that involved treatment decision-making; (2) randomized controlled trial design; (3) involving patients faced with having to make a treatment decision; (4) comparing SDM with a control intervention and (5) including one or more of the following outcome measures: well-being, costs, health-related pain or disability measures, or quality of life.

What They Found

We did not find a single study that looked at the true effect of SDM on patient-reported outcomes in a population with musculoskeletal pain.

Wrap It Up

For the management of painful musculoskeletal conditions, in the light of the current evidence (none), we estimate that it would be wise to explore the effectiveness of SDM before forcing its large-scale implementation in rehabilitation. Before getting to the next one, I have to tell you, Dr. Chris Howson, the inventor of the Drop Release tool re-activated the code! Use the code HOTSTUFF upon purchase at droprelease.com & get $50 off your purchase. Would you like to spend 5-10 minutes doing pin and stretch and all of that? Or would you rather use a drop release to get the same or similar results in just a handful of seconds. I love it, my patients love it, and I know yours will too. droprelease.com and the discount code is HOTSTUFF. Go do it.

Item #2

The last one is called, “Mechanisms of chronic pain – key considerations for appropriate physical therapy management” by Courtney et. al. (Carol A. Courtney 2017) and published in the Journal of Manual and Manipulative Therapy in March of 2017. Rather than a full-blown research project, this one is more of an informational article with some future direction.

They say the following: “In the last decades, knowledge of nociceptive pain mechanisms has expanded rapidly. The use of quantitative sensory testing has provided evidence that peripheral and central sensitization mechanisms play a relevant role in localized and widespread chronic pain syndromes. In fact, almost any patient suffering from a chronic pain condition will demonstrate impairments in the central nervous system. In addition, it is accepted that pain is associated with different types of trigger factors including social, physiological, and psychological. This rationale has provoked a change in the understanding of potential mechanisms of manual therapies, changing from a biomechanical/medical viewpoint, to a neurophysiological/nociceptive viewpoint.

Therefore, interventions for patients with chronic pain should be applied based on current knowledge of nociceptive mechanisms since determining potential drivers of the sensitization process is critical for effective management. The current paper reviews mechanisms of chronic pain from a clinical and neurophysiological point of view and summarizes key messages for clinicians for proper management of individuals with chronic pain.”

Now, I don’t know exactly where you’ve been hearing this since 2019. Oh, wait, yes I do. Here!

You’ve been hearing it here and research is catching up. I didn’t invent this stuff, of course. And I’m no smarter than everyone else. I just happened to take the course for the Diplomate of the International Academy of Neuromusculoskeletal Medicine and was taught by Drs. Anthony Nicholson and Matthew Long in that course and THEY are on the cutting edge. They are the reason I’ve been preaching this stuff for so long now. They’re the reason my patients get better at the rate they do.

Alright, that’s it. Keep on keepin’ on. Keep changing our profession from your corner of the world. The world needs evidence-based, patient-centered practitioners driving the bus. The profession needs us in the ACA and involved in leadership of state associations. So quit griping about the profession if you’re doing nothing to make it better. Get active, get involved, and make it happen. Let’s get to the message. Same as it is every week.

Store Remember the evidence-informed brochures and posters at chiropracticforward.com.

Purchase Dr. Williams’s book, a perfect educational tool and chiropractic research reference for the daily practitioner, from the Amazon store TODAY!

Chiropractic evidence-based products

Integrating Chiropractors

This image has an empty alt attribute; its file name is Screen-Shot-2018-07-12-at-10.23.22-AM-150x55.jpg

This image has an empty alt attribute; its file name is Screen-Shot-2018-07-12-at-10.23.33-AM-150x55.jpg

This image has an empty alt attribute; its file name is Screen-Shot-2018-07-12-at-10.23.09-AM-150x55.jpg

The Message

I want you to know with absolute certainty that when Chiropractic is at its best, you can’t beat the risk vs reward ratio because spinal pain is primarily a movement-related pain and typically responds better to movement-related treatment rather than chemical treatments like pills and shots. When compared to the traditional medical model, research and clinical experience show us patients can get good to excellent results for headaches, neck pain, back pain, and joint pain to name just a few. It’s safe and cost-effective can decrease surgeries & disability and we do it through conservative, non-surgical means with minimal hassle to the patient. And, if the patient treats preventatively after initial recovery, we can usually keep it that way while raising the overall level of health!

Key Point:

At the end of the day, patients should have the guarantee of having the best treatment that offers the least harm. When it comes to non-complicated musculoskeletal complaints…. That’s Chiropractic!

Contact

Send us an email at dr dot williams at chiropracticforward.com and let us know what you think of our show and tell us your suggestions for future episodes. Feedback and constructive criticism is a blessing and so are subscribes and excellent reviews on podcast platforms. We know how this works by now. If you value something, you have to share it, interact with it, review it, talk about it from time to time, and actively hit a few buttons to support it here and there when asked. It really does make a big difference.

Connect

We can’t wait to connect with you again next week. From the Chiropractic Forward Podcast flight deck, this is Dr. Jeff Williams saying upward, onward, and forward.

Website http://www.chiropracticforward.com

Social Media Links https://www.facebook.com/chiropracticforward/

Chiropractic Forward Podcast Facebook GROUP https://www.facebook.com/groups/1938461399501889/

Twitter https://twitter.com/Chiro_Forward

YouTube https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCtc-IrhlK19hWlhaOGld76Q

iTunes https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/chiropractic-forward-podcast-chiropractors-practicing/id1331554445?mt=2

Player FM Link https://player.fm/series/2291021

Stitcher: https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/the-chiropractic-forward-podcast-chiropractors-practicing-through

TuneIn https://tunein.com/podcasts/Health–Wellness-Podcasts/The-Chiropractic-Forward-Podcast-Chiropractors-Pr-p1089415/

About the Author & Host Dr. Jeff Williams – Fellow of the International Academy of Neuromusculoskeletal Medicine (FIANM) and Board Certified Diplomate of the American Board of Forensic Professionals (DABFP) – Chiropractor in Amarillo, TX, Chiropractic Advocate, Author, Entrepreneur, Educator, Businessman, Marketer, and Healthcare Blogger & Vlogger

Bibliography

Carol A. Courtney, C. F.-d.-l.-P. S. B. (2017). “Mechanisms of chronic pain – key considerations for appropriate physical therapy management.” Journal of Manual & Manipulative Therapy 25(3): 118-127.

Yannick Tousignant-Laflamme, S. C., Derek Clewley, Leila Ledbetter, Christian Jaeger Cook & Chad E Cook, (2017). “Does shared decision making results in better health related outcomes for individuals with painful musculoskeletal disorders? A systematic review.” Journal of Manual & Manipulative Therapy 25(3): 144-150.

The post Upregulated Central Nervous System & Shared Decision Making With The Patient appeared first on Chiropractic Forward.

  continue reading

301 epizódok

Artwork
iconMegosztás
 
Manage episode 340576418 series 2291021
A tartalmat a The Chiropractic Forward Podcast: Evidence-based Chiropractic Advocacy biztosítja. Az összes podcast-tartalmat, beleértve az epizódokat, grafikákat és podcast-leírásokat, közvetlenül a The Chiropractic Forward Podcast: Evidence-based Chiropractic Advocacy vagy a podcast platform partnere tölti fel és biztosítja. Ha úgy gondolja, hogy valaki az Ön engedélye nélkül használja fel a szerzői joggal védett művét, kövesse az itt leírt folyamatot https://hu.player.fm/legal.

CF 245: Upregulated Central Nervous System & Shared Decision Making With The Patient Today we’re going to talk about Upregulated Central Nervous System & Shared Decision Making With The Patient. But first, here’s that sweet sweet bumper music

Purchase Dr. Williams’s book, a perfect educational tool and chiropractic research reference for the daily practitioner, from the Amazon store TODAY!

Chiropractic evidence-based products

Integrating Chiropractors

This image has an empty alt attribute; its file name is Screen-Shot-2018-07-12-at-10.23.22-AM-150x55.jpg

This image has an empty alt attribute; its file name is Screen-Shot-2018-07-12-at-10.23.33-AM-150x55.jpg

This image has an empty alt attribute; its file name is Screen-Shot-2018-07-12-at-10.23.09-AM-150x55.jpg

OK, we are back and you have found the Chiropractic Forward Podcast where we are making evidence-based chiropractic fun, profitable, and accessible while we make you and your patients better all the way around. We’re the fun kind of research. Not the stuffy, high-brow, look down your nose at people kind of research. We’re research talk over a couple of beers. I’m Dr. Jeff Williams and I’m your host for the Chiropractic Forward podcast. If you haven’t yet I have a few things you should do.

  • Go to Amazon and check our my book called The Remarkable Truth About Chiropractic: A Unique Journey Into The Research. It’s an excellent educational resource for you AND your patients. It saves you time putting talks together or just staying current on research. It’s categorized into sections so the information is easy to find and written in a way that is easy to understand for everyone. It’s on Amazon. That’s the Remarkable Truth About Chiropractic by Jeff Williams.
  • Then go Like our Chiropractic Forward Facebook page,
  • Join our private Chiropractic Forward Facebook group, and then
  • Review our podcast on whatever platform you’re listening to
  • Last thing real quick, we also have an evidence-based brochure and poster store at chiropracticforward.com

You have found yourself smack dab in the middle of Episode #245 Now if you missed last week’s episode , we talked about Recognizing Cervical Artery Dissection. Make sure you don’t miss that info. Keep up with the class.

On the personal end of things…..

Things are clicking along pretty normally for a chaotic clinic. Today, let’s talk a little about your relationships with your employees before we get to the research. Everyone has different styles of owning or managing their clinics and staff. Mine has always been to treat them like family. Honestly, we spend more time with our staff than we do with our own families. So why not have friendly and almost family-like relationships with them? Why the hell not? I don’t want awkward forced relationships with the people I’m with every day all day. I want fun, happy, and friendly relationships. With people I look forward to seeing every day.

My staff is hilarious and we have a lot of fun together.

I’ll give you a little story as an example. My office manager is getting married in September. Probably about the time this episode goes live. She had her wedding shower on August 13th at her mother’s house. It wasn’t the regular boring old wedding shower. They had drinks, men and women, cornhole, and beer pong in the back yard…..you get the picture. Pretty much my entire staff of 12 or 13 was there. Which is nice. They feel like family to an extent. That’ll warm your heart, right? Well, I’m of the age that beer pong wasn’t ‘a thing’ in my college years. We played simple games like quarters or something like that. Anyway, I went to the wedding shower. My wife actually helped host it and run it all. She made a huge table full of charcuterie items and it was just all very well done.

So that’s point #1; she felt close enough to us to not only want us at her wedding shower but to have my wife help host it. Then, after gifts were opened and a few filtered out, everyone moved to the backyard and played cornhole and beer pong. My office manager made me be her teammate for a game of beer pong. Now, I told her I can’t play with drinks because I was driving so I just sipped on one beer while we played. Turns out, I actually have a little talent for beer pong. We won the first game against her fiancee and Boom! Instant respectability amongst the kiddos.

So, point #2; when your staff likes you and wants you to participate in aspects of their personal life, I say you just do it. You build friendship, loyalty, camaraderie, and trust the more you just say, “Yes.” Play beer pong. Even when you don’t want to or don’t know how to play it. It’ll pay off in the long run. If you feel differently, let me know. Send me an email at dr.williams@chiropracticforward.com I want your opinion so I can share with the collective.

OK, on to the research.

Item #1

Our first one is called “Does shared decision making results in better health related outcomes for individuals with painful musculoskeletal disorders? A systematic review” by Christopher et. al. (Yannick Tousignant-Laflamme 2017) published in the Journal of Manual and Manipulative Therapy in 2017.

Why They Did It

Shared Decision-Making (SDM) is a dynamic process by which the health care professional and the patient influence each other in making health-related choices or decisions. SDM is strongly embedded in today’s health care approaches and is advocated as an ideal model since it renders individuals more control over the health care they choose to receive, and has been shown to improve patient outcomes. The goal of this systematic review was to investigate the added value of SDM on clinical health-related outcomes in patients with a variety of musculoskeletal conditions.

How They Did It

PubMed and CINAHL. To be considered for review, the study had to meet all the following criteria: (1) prospective studies that involved treatment decision-making; (2) randomized controlled trial design; (3) involving patients faced with having to make a treatment decision; (4) comparing SDM with a control intervention and (5) including one or more of the following outcome measures: well-being, costs, health-related pain or disability measures, or quality of life.

What They Found

We did not find a single study that looked at the true effect of SDM on patient-reported outcomes in a population with musculoskeletal pain.

Wrap It Up

For the management of painful musculoskeletal conditions, in the light of the current evidence (none), we estimate that it would be wise to explore the effectiveness of SDM before forcing its large-scale implementation in rehabilitation. Before getting to the next one, I have to tell you, Dr. Chris Howson, the inventor of the Drop Release tool re-activated the code! Use the code HOTSTUFF upon purchase at droprelease.com & get $50 off your purchase. Would you like to spend 5-10 minutes doing pin and stretch and all of that? Or would you rather use a drop release to get the same or similar results in just a handful of seconds. I love it, my patients love it, and I know yours will too. droprelease.com and the discount code is HOTSTUFF. Go do it.

Item #2

The last one is called, “Mechanisms of chronic pain – key considerations for appropriate physical therapy management” by Courtney et. al. (Carol A. Courtney 2017) and published in the Journal of Manual and Manipulative Therapy in March of 2017. Rather than a full-blown research project, this one is more of an informational article with some future direction.

They say the following: “In the last decades, knowledge of nociceptive pain mechanisms has expanded rapidly. The use of quantitative sensory testing has provided evidence that peripheral and central sensitization mechanisms play a relevant role in localized and widespread chronic pain syndromes. In fact, almost any patient suffering from a chronic pain condition will demonstrate impairments in the central nervous system. In addition, it is accepted that pain is associated with different types of trigger factors including social, physiological, and psychological. This rationale has provoked a change in the understanding of potential mechanisms of manual therapies, changing from a biomechanical/medical viewpoint, to a neurophysiological/nociceptive viewpoint.

Therefore, interventions for patients with chronic pain should be applied based on current knowledge of nociceptive mechanisms since determining potential drivers of the sensitization process is critical for effective management. The current paper reviews mechanisms of chronic pain from a clinical and neurophysiological point of view and summarizes key messages for clinicians for proper management of individuals with chronic pain.”

Now, I don’t know exactly where you’ve been hearing this since 2019. Oh, wait, yes I do. Here!

You’ve been hearing it here and research is catching up. I didn’t invent this stuff, of course. And I’m no smarter than everyone else. I just happened to take the course for the Diplomate of the International Academy of Neuromusculoskeletal Medicine and was taught by Drs. Anthony Nicholson and Matthew Long in that course and THEY are on the cutting edge. They are the reason I’ve been preaching this stuff for so long now. They’re the reason my patients get better at the rate they do.

Alright, that’s it. Keep on keepin’ on. Keep changing our profession from your corner of the world. The world needs evidence-based, patient-centered practitioners driving the bus. The profession needs us in the ACA and involved in leadership of state associations. So quit griping about the profession if you’re doing nothing to make it better. Get active, get involved, and make it happen. Let’s get to the message. Same as it is every week.

Store Remember the evidence-informed brochures and posters at chiropracticforward.com.

Purchase Dr. Williams’s book, a perfect educational tool and chiropractic research reference for the daily practitioner, from the Amazon store TODAY!

Chiropractic evidence-based products

Integrating Chiropractors

This image has an empty alt attribute; its file name is Screen-Shot-2018-07-12-at-10.23.22-AM-150x55.jpg

This image has an empty alt attribute; its file name is Screen-Shot-2018-07-12-at-10.23.33-AM-150x55.jpg

This image has an empty alt attribute; its file name is Screen-Shot-2018-07-12-at-10.23.09-AM-150x55.jpg

The Message

I want you to know with absolute certainty that when Chiropractic is at its best, you can’t beat the risk vs reward ratio because spinal pain is primarily a movement-related pain and typically responds better to movement-related treatment rather than chemical treatments like pills and shots. When compared to the traditional medical model, research and clinical experience show us patients can get good to excellent results for headaches, neck pain, back pain, and joint pain to name just a few. It’s safe and cost-effective can decrease surgeries & disability and we do it through conservative, non-surgical means with minimal hassle to the patient. And, if the patient treats preventatively after initial recovery, we can usually keep it that way while raising the overall level of health!

Key Point:

At the end of the day, patients should have the guarantee of having the best treatment that offers the least harm. When it comes to non-complicated musculoskeletal complaints…. That’s Chiropractic!

Contact

Send us an email at dr dot williams at chiropracticforward.com and let us know what you think of our show and tell us your suggestions for future episodes. Feedback and constructive criticism is a blessing and so are subscribes and excellent reviews on podcast platforms. We know how this works by now. If you value something, you have to share it, interact with it, review it, talk about it from time to time, and actively hit a few buttons to support it here and there when asked. It really does make a big difference.

Connect

We can’t wait to connect with you again next week. From the Chiropractic Forward Podcast flight deck, this is Dr. Jeff Williams saying upward, onward, and forward.

Website http://www.chiropracticforward.com

Social Media Links https://www.facebook.com/chiropracticforward/

Chiropractic Forward Podcast Facebook GROUP https://www.facebook.com/groups/1938461399501889/

Twitter https://twitter.com/Chiro_Forward

YouTube https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCtc-IrhlK19hWlhaOGld76Q

iTunes https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/chiropractic-forward-podcast-chiropractors-practicing/id1331554445?mt=2

Player FM Link https://player.fm/series/2291021

Stitcher: https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/the-chiropractic-forward-podcast-chiropractors-practicing-through

TuneIn https://tunein.com/podcasts/Health–Wellness-Podcasts/The-Chiropractic-Forward-Podcast-Chiropractors-Pr-p1089415/

About the Author & Host Dr. Jeff Williams – Fellow of the International Academy of Neuromusculoskeletal Medicine (FIANM) and Board Certified Diplomate of the American Board of Forensic Professionals (DABFP) – Chiropractor in Amarillo, TX, Chiropractic Advocate, Author, Entrepreneur, Educator, Businessman, Marketer, and Healthcare Blogger & Vlogger

Bibliography

Carol A. Courtney, C. F.-d.-l.-P. S. B. (2017). “Mechanisms of chronic pain – key considerations for appropriate physical therapy management.” Journal of Manual & Manipulative Therapy 25(3): 118-127.

Yannick Tousignant-Laflamme, S. C., Derek Clewley, Leila Ledbetter, Christian Jaeger Cook & Chad E Cook, (2017). “Does shared decision making results in better health related outcomes for individuals with painful musculoskeletal disorders? A systematic review.” Journal of Manual & Manipulative Therapy 25(3): 144-150.

The post Upregulated Central Nervous System & Shared Decision Making With The Patient appeared first on Chiropractic Forward.

  continue reading

301 epizódok

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